Aug 16, 2013 · could not understand if this is a json or xml service. for json - might want to use web api or just send raw json. for xml - you could use .net 2 web services by using "add web reference" instead of "add service reference" – Nov 15, 2021 · the parser was not defined so I did the following: parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() args = parser.parse_args() An exception has occurred, use %tb to see the full traceback. SystemExit: 2 – Ahmed Abousari Nov 25, 2022 · I found the problem. I had used access mode None, when it needs Single user or Shared. To create a cluster that can access Unity Catalog, the workspace you are creating the cluster in must be attached to a Unity Catalog metastore and must use a Unity-Catalog-capable access mode (shared or single user). Mar 15, 2019 · but still have not solved the problem yet. EDIT2: Unfortunately the suggested question is not similar to mine, as this is not a question of column name ambiguity but of missing attribute, which seems not to be missing upon inspecting the actual dataframes. Mar 27, 2023 · 2. The problem here is that in your PySpark code you're using the following statement: CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW ` {target_database}`.` {view_name}`. If you compare it with your original SQL query you will see that you use 2-level name: database.view, while original query used the 3-level name: catalog.database.view. Aug 16, 2022 · com.databricks.backend.common.rpc.DatabricksExceptions$SQLExecutionException: org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException: Catalog namespace is not supported. at com.databricks.sql.managedcatalog.ManagedCatalogErrors$.catalogNamespaceNotSupportException (ManagedCatalogErrors.scala:40) Azure Synapse Lake Database - Notebook cannot access information_schema. In Synapse Analytics I can write the following SQL script and it works fine: And it throws the error: Error: spark_catalog requires a single-part namespace, but got [dataverse_blob_blob, information_schema] Tried using USE CATALOG and USE SCHEMA to set the catalog/schema ...Aug 28, 2023 · AWS specific options. Provide the following option only if you choose cloudFiles.useNotifications = true and you want Auto Loader to set up the notification services for you: Option. cloudFiles.region. Type: String. The region where the source S3 bucket resides and where the AWS SNS and SQS services will be created. AnalysisException: Operation not allowed: `CREATE TABLE LIKE` is not supported for Delta tables; 5. How to create a table in databricks from an existing table on SQL. 1.Note: REPLACE TABLE AS SELECT is only supported with v2 tables. Apache Spark’s DataSourceV2 API for data source and catalog implementations. Spark DSv2 is an evolving API with different levels of support in Spark versions: As per my repro, it works well with Databricks Runtime 8.0 version. For more details, refer:Contact Us. If you still have questions or prefer to get help directly from an agent, please submit a request. We’ll get back to you as soon as possible.Overview of Unity Catalog. Unity Catalog provides centralized access control, auditing, lineage, and data discovery capabilities across Azure Databricks workspaces. Define once, secure everywhere: Unity Catalog offers a single place to administer data access policies that apply across all workspaces. Standards-compliant security model: Unity ...Jun 21, 2021 · 0. I'm trying to add multiple spark catalog in spark 3.x and I have a question: Does spark support a feature that allows us to use multiple catalog managed by namespace like this: spark.sql.catalog.<ns1>.conf1=... spark.sql.catalog.<ns1>.conf2=... spark.sql.catalog.<ns2>.conf1=... spark.sql.catalog.<ns2>.conf2=... Sep 15, 2018 · But Hive databases like FOODMART are not visible in spark session. I did spark.sql("show databases").show() ; it is not showing Foodmart database, though spark session is having enableHiveSupport. Below i've tried: I have not worked with spark.catalog yet but looking at the source code here, looks like the options kwarg is only used when schema is not provided. if schema is None: df = self._jcatalog.createTable(tableName, source, description, options). It doesnot look like they are using that kwarg for partitioning –THANK YOU! This is the answer that keeps on giving. I am using Vectornator to create my SVG files and it outputs a lot of vectornator:layerName So, I went through and every time I found a colon that wasn't in a URL, but was naming something, I changed it to camelCase (like vectornatorLayerName) and the SVG works now!Hi @Kaniz, Seems like DLT dotn talk to unity catolog currently. So , we are thinking either develop while warehouse at DLT or catalog. But I guess DLT dont have data lineage option and catolog dont have change data feed ( cdc - change data capture ) .I'm trying to load parquet file stored in hdfs. This is my schema: name type ----- ID BIGINT point SMALLINT check TINYINT What i want to execute is: df = sqlContext.read.parquet...Sep 23, 2020 · Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Please be sure to answer the question.Provide details and share your research! But avoid …. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. To enable Unity Catalog when you create a workspace: As an account admin, log in to the account console. Click Workspaces. Click the Enable Unity Catalog toggle. Select the Metastore. On the confirmation dialog, click Enable. Complete the workspace creation configuration and click Save.Enter a name for the group. Click Confirm. When prompted, add users to the group. Add a user or group to a workspace, where they can perform data science, data engineering, and data analysis tasks using the data managed by Unity Catalog: In the sidebar, click Workspaces. On the Permissions tab, click Add permissions.Table is not eligible for upgrade from Hive Metastore to Unity Catalog. Reason: BUCKETED_TABLE. Bucketed table. DBFS_ROOT_LOCATION. Table located on DBFS root. HIVE_SERDE. Hive SerDe table. NOT_EXTERNAL. Not an external table. UNSUPPORTED_DBFS_LOC. Unsupported DBFS location. UNSUPPORTED_FILE_SCHEME. Unsupported file system scheme <scheme ...Exception in thread "main" org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException: Operation not allowed: ALTER TABLE RECOVER PARTITIONS only works on table with location provided: `db`.`resultTable`; Note: Altough the error, it created a table with the correct columns. It also created partitions and the table has a location with Parquet files in it (/user ...could not understand if this is a json or xml service. for json - might want to use web api or just send raw json. for xml - you could use .net 2 web services by using "add web reference" instead of "add service reference"I've noticed sometimes in Zeppelin, it doesnt create the hive context correctly, so what you can do to make sure you're doing it correctly is run the following code. val sqlContext = New HiveContext (sc) //your code here. What will happen is we'll create a new HiveContext, and it should fix your problem. I think we're losing the pointer to your ...Creating table in Unity Catalog with file scheme <schemeName> is not supported. Instead, please create a federated data source connection using the CREATE CONNECTION command for the same table provider, then create a catalog based on the connection with a CREATE FOREIGN CATALOG command to reference the tables therein.Contact Us. If you still have questions or prefer to get help directly from an agent, please submit a request. We’ll get back to you as soon as possible.Querying with SQL 🔗. In Spark 3, tables use identifiers that include a catalog name. SELECT * FROM prod.db.table; -- catalog: prod, namespace: db, table: table. Metadata tables, like history and snapshots, can use the Iceberg table name as a namespace. For example, to read from the files metadata table for prod.db.table:If the catalog supports views and contains a view for the old identifier and not a table, this throws NoSuchTableException. Additionally, if the new identifier is a table or a view, this throws TableAlreadyExistsException. If the catalog does not support table renames between namespaces, it throws UnsupportedOperationException. Catalog implementations are not required to maintain the existence of namespaces independent of objects in a namespace. For example, a function catalog that loads functions using reflection and uses Java packages as namespaces is not required to support the methods to create, alter, or drop a namespace. Implementations are allowed to discover ...Hi @Kaniz, Seems like DLT dotn talk to unity catolog currently. So , we are thinking either develop while warehouse at DLT or catalog. But I guess DLT dont have data lineage option and catolog dont have change data feed ( cdc - change data capture ) .User class threw exception: org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException: java.lang.RuntimeException: java.io.IOException: Unable to create directory /tmp/hive/. We run Spark 2.3.2 on Hadoop 3.1.1. We use external ORC tables stored on HDFS. We are encountering an issue on a job run under CRON when issuing the command `sql ("msck repair table db.some ...I found the problem. I had used access mode None, when it needs Single user or Shared. To create a cluster that can access Unity Catalog, the workspace you are creating the cluster in must be attached to a Unity Catalog metastore and must use a Unity-Catalog-capable access mode (shared or single user).Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Please be sure to answer the question.Provide details and share your research! But avoid …. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.could not understand if this is a json or xml service. for json - might want to use web api or just send raw json. for xml - you could use .net 2 web services by using "add web reference" instead of "add service reference"In Spark 3.1 or earlier, the namespace field was named database for the builtin catalog, and there is no isTemporary field for v2 catalogs. To restore the old schema with the builtin catalog, you can set spark.sql.legacy.keepCommandOutputSchema to true . looks like dbt is trying to use it despite deleting the catalog tag from the profile (or setting it to null) Steps To Reproduce. dbt run. Expected behavior. models built. Screenshots and log output [0m18:33:42.551967 [debug] [Thread-1 (]: Databricks adapter: <class 'databricks.sql.exc.ServerOperationError'>: Catalog namespace is not supported.Spark Exception: There is no Credential Scope. I am new to Databricks and trying to connect to Rstudio Server from my all-purpose compute cluster. Here are the cluster configuration: Policy: Personal Compute Access mode: Single user Databricks run ... apache-spark. databricks. spark-ar-studio. databricks-unity-catalog. Sep 27, 2018 · AnalysisException: Operation not allowed: `CREATE TABLE LIKE` is not supported for Delta tables; 5. How to create a table in databricks from an existing table on SQL. 1. The ANALYZE TABLE command does not support views. CATALOG_OPERATION. Catalog <catalogName> does not support <operation>. COMBINATION_QUERY_RESULT_CLAUSES. Combination of ORDER BY/SORT BY/DISTRIBUTE BY/CLUSTER BY. COMMENT_NAMESPACE. Attach a comment to the namespace <namespace>. CREATE_TABLE_STAGING_LOCATION. Create a catalog table in a staging ...2 Answers. Sorted by: 1. According to the official documentation of Databricks about LOAD DATA (highlighting's mine): Loads the data into a Hive SerDe table from the user specified directory or file. According to the exception message (highlighting's mine) you use a Spark SQL table ( datasource table ): AnalysisException: LOAD DATA is not ...Apr 1, 2019 · EDIT: as a first step, if you just wanted to check which columns have whitespace, you could use something like the following: space_cols = [column for column in df.columns if re.findall ('\s*', column) != []] Also, check whether there are any characters that are non-alphanumeric (or space): Returned not the time of moments ignored; The past is a ruling you can’t argue: Make time for times that memory will store. Think back to the missed and regret will pour. But now you know all that you should have knew: When there are no more, a moment’s worth more. Events gathered then now play an encore When eyelids dark dive. Thankful are ...I have used catalog name as my_catalog , database I have created with name db and table name I have given is sampletable , though when I run the job it fails with below error: AnalysisException: The namespace in session catalog must have exactly one name part: my_catalog.db.sampletable4 Answers Sorted by: 45 I found AnalysisException defined in pyspark.sql.utils. https://spark.apache.org/docs/3.0.1/api/python/_modules/pyspark/sql/utils.html import pyspark.sql.utils try: spark.sql (query) print ("Query executed") except pyspark.sql.utils.AnalysisException: print ("Unable to process your query dude!!") Share Improve this answerOverview of Unity Catalog. Unity Catalog provides centralized access control, auditing, lineage, and data discovery capabilities across Azure Databricks workspaces. Define once, secure everywhere: Unity Catalog offers a single place to administer data access policies that apply across all workspaces. Standards-compliant security model: Unity ...Sep 13, 2019 · These global views live in the database with the name global_temp so i would recommend to reference the tables in your queries as global_temp.table_name.I am not sure if it solves your problem, but you can try it. 1 Answer. I tried, pls refer to below SQL - this will work in impala. Only issue i can see is, if hearing_evaluation has multiple patient ids for a given patient id, you need to de-duplicate the data. There can be case when patient id doesnt exist in image table - in such case you need to apply RIGHT JOIN.Mar 15, 2019 · but still have not solved the problem yet. EDIT2: Unfortunately the suggested question is not similar to mine, as this is not a question of column name ambiguity but of missing attribute, which seems not to be missing upon inspecting the actual dataframes. Catalog implementations are not required to maintain the existence of namespaces independent of objects in a namespace. For example, a function catalog that loads functions using reflection and uses Java packages as namespaces is not required to support the methods to create, alter, or drop a namespace. Implementations are allowed to discover ... Hi, After installing HDP 2.6.3, I ran Pyspark in the terminal, then initiated a Spark Session, and tried to create a new database (see last line of code: $ pyspark > from pyspark.sql import SparkSession > spark = SparkSession.builder.master("local").appName("test").enableHiveSupport().getOrCreate() ...But Hive databases like FOODMART are not visible in spark session. I did spark.sql("show databases").show() ; it is not showing Foodmart database, though spark session is having enableHiveSupport. Below i've tried:One of the most important pieces of Spark SQL’s Hive support is interaction with Hive metastore, which enables Spark SQL to access metadata of Hive tables. Starting from Spark 1.4.0, a single binary build of Spark SQL can be used to query different versions of Hive metastores, using the configuration described below. AnalysisException: The specified schema does not match the existing schema at dbfs:locationOfMy/table ... Differences -Specified schema has additional fields newColNameIAdded, anotherNewColIAdded -Specified type for myOldCol is different from existing schema ...Spark Exception: There is no Credential Scope. I am new to Databricks and trying to connect to Rstudio Server from my all-purpose compute cluster. Here are the cluster configuration: Policy: Personal Compute Access mode: Single user Databricks run ... apache-spark. databricks. spark-ar-studio. databricks-unity-catalog.Mar 15, 2019 · but still have not solved the problem yet. EDIT2: Unfortunately the suggested question is not similar to mine, as this is not a question of column name ambiguity but of missing attribute, which seems not to be missing upon inspecting the actual dataframes. 2. The problem here is that in your PySpark code you're using the following statement: CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW ` {target_database}`.` {view_name}`. If you compare it with your original SQL query you will see that you use 2-level name: database.view, while original query used the 3-level name: catalog.database.view.Aug 29, 2023 · Table is not eligible for upgrade from Hive Metastore to Unity Catalog. Reason: In this article: BUCKETED_TABLE. DBFS_ROOT_LOCATION. HIVE_SERDE. NOT_EXTERNAL. UNSUPPORTED_DBFS_LOC. UNSUPPORTED_FILE_SCHEME. EDIT: as a first step, if you just wanted to check which columns have whitespace, you could use something like the following: space_cols = [column for column in df.columns if re.findall ('\s*', column) != []] Also, check whether there are any characters that are non-alphanumeric (or space):Oct 16, 2020 · I'm trying to load parquet file stored in hdfs. This is my schema: name type ----- ID BIGINT point SMALLINT check TINYINT What i want to execute is: df = sqlContext.read.parquet... Because you are using \ in the first one and that's being passed as odd syntax to spark. If you want to write multi-line SQL statements, use triple quotes: results5 = spark.sql ("""SELECT appl_stock.Open ,appl_stock.Close FROM appl_stock WHERE appl_stock.Close < 500""") Share. Improve this answer.Aug 28, 2023 · AWS specific options. Provide the following option only if you choose cloudFiles.useNotifications = true and you want Auto Loader to set up the notification services for you: Option. cloudFiles.region. Type: String. The region where the source S3 bucket resides and where the AWS SNS and SQS services will be created. Unity Catalog is supported on clusters that run Databricks Runtime 11.3 LTS or above. Unity Catalog is supported by default on all SQL warehouse compute versions. Clusters running on earlier versions of Databricks Runtime do not provide support for all Unity Catalog GA features and functionality.To enable Unity Catalog when you create a workspace: As an account admin, log in to the account console. Click Workspaces. Click the Enable Unity Catalog toggle. Select the Metastore. On the confirmation dialog, click Enable. Complete the workspace creation configuration and click Save.Creating table in Unity Catalog with file scheme <schemeName> is not supported. Instead, please create a federated data source connection using the CREATE CONNECTION command for the same table provider, then create a catalog based on the connection with a CREATE FOREIGN CATALOG command to reference the tables therein. I have not worked with spark.catalog yet but looking at the source code here, looks like the options kwarg is only used when schema is not provided. if schema is None: df = self._jcatalog.createTable(tableName, source, description, options). It doesnot look like they are using that kwarg for partitioning –Aug 18, 2022 · Get Started With Databricks. Get Started Discussions. Get Started Resources. Databricks Platform. Databricks Platform Discussions. Warehousing & Analytics. Administration & Architecture. Community Cove. Community News & Member Recognition. AnalysisException: [UC_COMMAND_NOT_SUPPORTED] Spark higher-order functions are not supported in Unity Catalog.; I'm using a shared cluster with 12.2 LTS Databricks Runtime and unity catalog is enabled.Exception in thread "main" org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException: Operation not allowed: ALTER TABLE RECOVER PARTITIONS only works on table with location provided: `db`.`resultTable`; Note: Altough the error, it created a table with the correct columns. It also created partitions and the table has a location with Parquet files in it (/user ...Aug 16, 2013 · could not understand if this is a json or xml service. for json - might want to use web api or just send raw json. for xml - you could use .net 2 web services by using "add web reference" instead of "add service reference" – In Spark 3.1 or earlier, the namespace field was named database for the builtin catalog, and there is no isTemporary field for v2 catalogs. To restore the old schema with the builtin catalog, you can set spark.sql.legacy.keepCommandOutputSchema to true .THANK YOU! This is the answer that keeps on giving. I am using Vectornator to create my SVG files and it outputs a lot of vectornator:layerName So, I went through and every time I found a colon that wasn't in a URL, but was naming something, I changed it to camelCase (like vectornatorLayerName) and the SVG works now!This is a known bug in Spark. The catalog rule should not be validating the namespace, the catalog should be. It works fine if you use an Iceberg catalog directly that doesn't wrap spark_catalog. We're considering a fix with table names like db.table__history, but it would be great if Spark fixed this bug.Azure Synapse Lake Database - Notebook cannot access information_schema. In Synapse Analytics I can write the following SQL script and it works fine: And it throws the error: Error: spark_catalog requires a single-part namespace, but got [dataverse_blob_blob, information_schema] Tried using USE CATALOG and USE SCHEMA to set the catalog/schema ...Sep 30, 2022 · Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Please be sure to answer the question.Provide details and share your research! But avoid …. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. "Attempting to fast-forward updates to the Catalog - nameSpace:" — Shows which database, table, and catalogId are attempted to be modified by this job. If this statement is not here, check if enableUpdateCatalog is set to true and properly passed as a getSink() parameter or in additional_options .Syntax { USE | SET } CATALOG [ catalog_name | ' catalog_name ' ] Parameter catalog_name Name of the catalog to use. If the catalog does not exist, an exception is thrown. Examples SQLResolved! Importing irregularly formatted json files. HiI'm importing a large collection of json files, the problem is that they are not what I would expect a well-formatted json file to be (although probably still valid), each file consists of only a single record that looks something like this (this i... Hi @Kaniz, Seems like DLT dotn talk to unity catolog currently. So , we are thinking either develop while warehouse at DLT or catalog. But I guess DLT dont have data lineage option and catolog dont have change data feed ( cdc - change data capture ) .May 31, 2021 · org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException ALTER TABLE CHANGE COLUMN is not supported for changing column 'bam_user' with type 'IntegerType' to 'bam_user' with type 'StringType' apache-spark delta-lake For example, a function catalog that loads functions using reflection and uses Java packages as namespaces is not required to support the methods to create, alter, or drop a namespace. Implementations are allowed to discover the existence of objects or namespaces without throwing NoSuchNamespaceException when no namespace is found.
I found the problem. I had used access mode None, when it needs Single user or Shared. To create a cluster that can access Unity Catalog, the workspace you are creating the cluster in must be attached to a Unity Catalog metastore and must use a Unity-Catalog-capable access mode (shared or single user).. Porn sitepercent27s
Unity Catalog is supported on clusters that run Databricks Runtime 11.3 LTS or above. Unity Catalog is supported by default on all SQL warehouse compute versions. Clusters running on earlier versions of Databricks Runtime do not provide support for all Unity Catalog GA features and functionality.1 Answer. df = spark.sql ("select * from happiness_tmp") df.createOrReplaceTempView ("happiness_perm") First you get your data into a dataframe, then you write the contents of the dataframe to a table in the catalog. You can then query the table. In case your partitions were not updated in the Data Catalog when you ran an ETL job, these log statements from the DataSink class in the CloudWatch logs may be helpful: " Attempting to fast-forward updates to the Catalog - nameSpace: " — Shows which database, table, and catalogId are attempted to be modified by this job. Nov 8, 2022 · Hi @Kaniz, Seems like DLT dotn talk to unity catolog currently. So , we are thinking either develop while warehouse at DLT or catalog. But I guess DLT dont have data lineage option and catolog dont have change data feed ( cdc - change data capture ) . "Attempting to fast-forward updates to the Catalog - nameSpace:" — Shows which database, table, and catalogId are attempted to be modified by this job. If this statement is not here, check if enableUpdateCatalog is set to true and properly passed as a getSink() parameter or in additional_options .Aug 16, 2013 · could not understand if this is a json or xml service. for json - might want to use web api or just send raw json. for xml - you could use .net 2 web services by using "add web reference" instead of "add service reference" – See full list on learn.microsoft.com Mar 23, 2021 · User class threw exception: org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException: java.lang.RuntimeException: java.io.IOException: Unable to create directory /tmp/hive/. We run Spark 2.3.2 on Hadoop 3.1.1. We use external ORC tables stored on HDFS. We are encountering an issue on a job run under CRON when issuing the command `sql ("msck repair table db.some ... Catalog implementations are not required to maintain the existence of namespaces independent of objects in a namespace. For example, a function catalog that loads functions using reflection and uses Java packages as namespaces is not required to support the methods to create, alter, or drop a namespace. Implementations are allowed to discover ... See full list on learn.microsoft.com But Hive databases like FOODMART are not visible in spark session. I did spark.sql("show databases").show() ; it is not showing Foodmart database, though spark session is having enableHiveSupport. Below i've tried:Table is not eligible for upgrade from Hive Metastore to Unity Catalog. Reason: BUCKETED_TABLE. Bucketed table. DBFS_ROOT_LOCATION. Table located on DBFS root. HIVE_SERDE. Hive SerDe table. NOT_EXTERNAL. Not an external table. UNSUPPORTED_DBFS_LOC. Unsupported DBFS location. UNSUPPORTED_FILE_SCHEME. Unsupported file system scheme <scheme ...AnalysisException: UDF/UDAF/SQL functions is not supported in Unity Catalog; But in Single User mode above code works correctly. Labels: Labels: DBR10.4;2. The problem here is that in your PySpark code you're using the following statement: CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW ` {target_database}`.` {view_name}`. If you compare it with your original SQL query you will see that you use 2-level name: database.view, while original query used the 3-level name: catalog.database.view.Querying with SQL 🔗. In Spark 3, tables use identifiers that include a catalog name. SELECT * FROM prod.db.table; -- catalog: prod, namespace: db, table: table. Metadata tables, like history and snapshots, can use the Iceberg table name as a namespace. For example, to read from the files metadata table for prod.db.table: Apr 16, 2012 · go to folder options - > view tab -> and clear the Hide extensions for known file types checkbox. now change the file extension from constr.txt to constr.udl. double click on constr.udl. select the provider as sql from provider tab. enter server name , userid , password and database name in connection tab. and click on test connection button to ... I am trying to create a delta live table in Unity Catalog as follows: CREATE OR REFRESH STREAMING LIVE TABLE <catalog>.<db>.<table_name> AS . SELECT ... However, I get the error: org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException: Unsupported SQL statement for table Multipart table names is not supported. Are DLTs not supported with Unity Catalog yet?Catalog implementations are not required to maintain the existence of namespaces independent of objects in a namespace. For example, a function catalog that loads functions using reflection and uses Java packages as namespaces is not required to support the methods to create, alter, or drop a namespace. Implementations are allowed to discover ...Jun 21, 2021 · 0. I'm trying to add multiple spark catalog in spark 3.x and I have a question: Does spark support a feature that allows us to use multiple catalog managed by namespace like this: spark.sql.catalog.<ns1>.conf1=... spark.sql.catalog.<ns1>.conf2=... spark.sql.catalog.<ns2>.conf1=... spark.sql.catalog.<ns2>.conf2=... You’re using untyped Scala UDF, which does not have the input type information. Spark may blindly pass null to the Scala closure with primitive-type argument, and the closure will see the default value of the Java type for the null argument, e.g. udf ( (x: Int) => x, IntegerType), the result is 0 for null input..